THE THIRD OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD ON A COMMUNICATIONS PROCEDURE: A NEW METHOD OF LEGAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS

Ljubica Mihajlović

DOI Number
https://doi.org/10.22190/FULP2202161M
First page
161
Last page
174

Abstract


One of the most important developments in the children's rights protection system established under the auspices of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989) was the adoption of the Third Optional Protocol to the Convention on a Communications Procedure (2011), which completed the system of monitoring and protection of children's rights by the Committee on the Rights of the Child. The competences of the Committee on the Rights of the Child have been expanded, and children have been given the opportunity to address the Committee either directly or through adult representatives, alleging violations of the rights guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the First Optional Protocol and the Second Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.


Keywords

rights of the child, Convention on the Rights of the Child, Third Optional Protocol, individual complaints

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References


Carletti, C. (2020). The Third Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child: Preliminary case law assessment for the effective promotion and protection of children’s rights. Global Campus Human Rights Journal. 114-134;

Lee, Y. (2010). Communications Procedure Under the Convention on the Rights of the Child: 3rd Optional Protocol. The International Journal of Children's Rights, 18(4). 567-583;

Smith, R. (2013). The Third Optional Protocol to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child? - Challenges Arising Transforming the Rhetoric into Reality. International Journal of Children's Rights, 21. 305-322;

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Normative acts

African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990), adopted by the African Union at 26th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the OAU, Addis Ababa, July 1990, available at: https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36804-treaty-african_charter_on_rights_welfare_of_the_child.pdf?msclkid=602e33afb2bb11ecb44a1ead5f713bcc

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), adopted by the UN General Assembly Resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989, entered into force on 2 September 1990; available at: https://www.unhcr.org/uk/4d9474b49.pdf?msclkid=1ffc2261b2b911ec89fa906f7315b5f1

UN Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training (2011), adopted by the UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/66/137 of 19 December 2011, available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/resources/educators/human-rights-education-training/11-united-nations-declaration-human-rights-education-and-training-2011?msclkid=dc5ba843a69311ec85b95d7ee15091af

UN General Assembly (1995) Resolution no.50/155 (A/RES/50/155)of 21 December 1995, Conference of States Parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/50/155; https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N96/769/45/PDF/N9676945.pdf?OpenElement

UN General Assembly (2011a): Revised proposal for a draft optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, UN A/HRC/WG.7/2/4, 18 January 2011, UN General Assembly, Human Rights Council Working Group (2nd session); available at http://www.bayefsky.com/reform/a_hrc_wg7_2_4.pdf

UN General Assembly (2011b): HRC Report of the Open-ended Working Group on an optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child to provide a communications procedure, Human Rights Council, A/HRC/17/36 of 25 May 2011; Chairperson-Rapporteur: D. Štefánek (Slovakia); available at: https://archive.crin.org/sites/default/files/images/docs/A.HRC.17.36_en.pdf?msclkid=a28affeea54011ec8d36c3e6fc6aaaf0

UN General Assembly (2011c): Resolution A/HRC/RES/17/18 adopted by the Human Rights Council/HRC, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure, HRC 17th Session, Geneva; available at https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e72fbb12.html

UN General Assembly (2011d): Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure (OPIC), adopted by UNGA Resolution A/RES/66/138 of 19 December 2011; https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/docs/A_RES_66_138-Eng.pdf; https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/signature/2012/CTC_4-11d.pdf; https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/optional-protocol-convention-rights-child-communications

Zakon o potvrđivanju Fakultativnog protokola o učešću dece u oružanim sukobima uz Konvenciju o pravima deteta (Act on the Ratification of the Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Participation of Children in Armed Conflicts), Službeni list SRJ-Međunarodni ugovori, br. 7/2002; available at http://ravnopravnost.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/images_files_Fakultativni%20protokol%20o%20ucescu%20dece%20u%20oruzanim%20sukobima%20uz%20Konvenciju%20o%20pravima%20deteta-UN.pdf

Zakon o potvrđivanju Fakultativnog protokola o prodaji dece, dečijoj prostituciji I dečijoj pornografiji uz Konvenciju o pravima deteta (Act on the Ratification of the Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography), Službeni list SRJ-Međunarodni ugovori, br.7/2002; available at: https://cref.eakademija.com/images/UN-konvencije/zakon_o_potvrdjivanju_fakultativnog_protokola_o_prodaji_dece_decijoj_prostituciji_i_decijoj_pornografiji_uz_konvenciju_o_pravima_deteta.pdf

Case law

OHCHR (2020): Jurisprudence (database on jurisprudence of EU Treaty Bodies), https://juris.ohchr.org/; UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (2020): Views adopted by the Committee under the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure, concerning Communication No. 30/2017 N.R. v. Paraguay (CRC/C/83/D/30/2017) of 3 February 2020; available at https://juris.ohchr.org/Search/Details/2629

Online sources

OHCHR/UN Human Rights Office of the Highe Commissioner (2022): Committee on the Rights of the Child––General comments; Committee Membership; https://www.ohchr.org/en/treaty-bodies/crc/general-comments; https://ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/Pages/Membership.aspx (accessed on 30.8.2022)

OHCHR/UN Human Rights Office of the Highe Commissioner (2022): Table of pending cases before the Committee on the Rights of the Child (updated on 23 February 2022), available at https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/CRC/TablePendingCases.pdf (accessed 30.8.2022)

OHCHR/UN Human Rights Office of the Highe Commissioner (2022): Jurisprudence; database on jurisprudence of the UN Treaty Bodies; available at https://juris.ohchr.org/ (accessed on 30.8.2022)

OPIC/ Optional Protocol on a Communications Procedure (2022): OPIC Mechanism; Ratification Status, available at https://opic.childrightsconnect.org/what-is-opic/the-mechanisms/; https://indicators.ohchr.org/; and https://opic.childrightsconnect.org/ratification-status/ (accessed on 30.8.2022)

UN Treaty Collection (2022): 11. d Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure, New York, 19 December 2011; Ratification status on 30.8.2022; available at https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4, and https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?chapter=4&clang=_en&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&src=IND




DOI: https://doi.org/10.22190/FULP2202161M

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