HEAD AND NECK CARCINOMA STEM CELLS. DIAGNOSTIC, PROGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
Abstract
Head and neck carcinoma arise from the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract, affecting more than half a million people worldwide each year. Although cancer tissue has many heterogeneous cells with different phenotypes, only a subset of these cancer cells proliferate extensively and have the potential to give rise to all other tumor cells. They are named carcinoma stem cells (CSC). CSCs can persist in tumors and cause relapse and metastasis by producing a new tumor. Head and neck carcinoma stem cells (HNCSC) share a common CD44+ phenotype. What drives a normal stem cell into a malignant stem cell is insufficiently understood. Many regulating pathways were analyzed, such as:Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, and Bmi1. Also, the miRNA ratio or epigenetic alteration pattern is potential subject of further studies. This would enable better therapy and survival rate in HNSCC.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22190/FUMB161003004S
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