THE EFFECTS OF SKILL-BASED EXERCISES AND A SMALL-SIDED GAMES PROGRAM ON THE BODY COMPOSITION OF ADOLESCENTS

Darko Stojanović, Nataša Branković, Tijana Stojanović, Zoran Momčilović

DOI Number
https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES191219001S
First page
145
Last page
157

Abstract


The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the effects of a skill-based exercise program on the body composition of adolescents. The study was conducted on 90 participants, (age, 13±6 years), divided by gender then randomly assigned into two sub-samples: the experimental [SS1, N=39 (EG1, 19 girls and EG2, 20 boys)] and the control group [SS2, N=51 (CG1, 24 girls and CG2, 27 boys)]. Body composition parameters were assessed by a caliper (skinfold thickness) and bioelectrical impedance analyzer Omron BF511 (percentage of body fat tissue and muscle tissue). After conducting the 16-week program of skill-based exercises and small-sided games (SSG) related to volleyball, certain body composition parameters statistically significantly increased in the experimental groups (except body fat percent in girls, and body fat mass in both genders). In the experimental period, the SS2 increased in body fat tissue (both genders) and in muscle tissue (girls), while a decrease in muscle tissue was recorded among the boys. The results of this study showed no significant differences in the effects of the two programs on body composition at the multivariate level for both genders. Furthermore, at the univariate level it was noted that the students following the experimental program (SS1) had better results compared to the SS2 of students in terms of the decrease of body fat tissue, as well as the increase of muscle tissue for both genders. The obtained results indicate that the program of skill-based exercises and SSG related to volleyball is suitable for adequate intensification of PE classes and improvement of body composition parameters of elementary school students.


Keywords

Skill-Based Exercise, Small-Sided Games, Body Composition, Physical Education, Adolescents

Full Text:

PDF

References


Branković, N. (2001). Razvojne karakteristike motoričkih sposobnosti učenica na kraju šestomesečnog izvođenja nastave fizičkog vaspitanja (Developmental characteristics of students' motor skills at the end of six months of physical education classes). In S. Vučković (Ed.). Proceedings of the Scientific Congres "FIS Communications in Physical Education, Sport and Recreation" (pp. 205-207). Niš: Faculty of Physical Culture, University of Niš. In Serbian

Carrasco, H.B., Reigal, R.G., Ulloa, D.D., Chirosa, I.R., & Chirosa, L.R. (2015). Effects of small-sided exercises on body composition and maximal oxygen uptake in adolescents. Revista medica de Chile, 143(6), 744-750.

Deurenberg, P., Pieters, J.J., & Hautvast, J.G. (1990). The assessment of the body fat percentage by skinfold thickness measurements in childhood and young adolescence. British Journal of Nutrition, 63(2), 293-303.

Dragić, B. (2003). Efekti alternativnog nastavnog plana i programa fizičkog vaspitanja na morfološke karakteristike, motoričke sposobnosti i socijalne karakteristike učenika VI razreda osnovne škole (Effects of alternative physical education curriculum on morphological characteristics, motor skills and social characteristics of elementary school students). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Niš: Faculty of Physical Culture, University of Niš. In Serbian

Ekelund, U., Luan, J.A., Sherar, L.B., Esliger, D.W., Griew, P., Cooper, A., et al. (2012). Moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Jama, 307(7), 704-712.

Fairclough, S., & Stratton, G. (2004). ‘Physical education makes you fit and healthy’. Physical education's contribution to young people's physical activity levels. Health Education Research, 20(1), 14-23.

Farias, E.S., Paula, F., Carvalho, W.R., Gonçalves, E.M., Baldin, A.D., & Guerra-Júnior, G. (2009). Influence of programmed physical activity on body composition among adolescent students. Jornal de Pediatria, 85(1), 28-34.

Ferguson, C.J. (2009). An effect size primer: a guide for clinicians and researchers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 532-538.

Gabbett, T.J. (2002). Training injuries in rugby league: an evaluation of skill-based conditioning games. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16, 236-241.

Garn, S.M., Leonard, W.R., & Hawthorne, V.M. (1986). Three limitations of the body mass index. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 44(6), 996-997.

Grgantov, Z. (2003). Kondicijska priprema u odbojci (Conditioning in volleyball). In D. Milanović & I. Jukić (Eds.), Proceedings, International Scientific and Professional Conference "Fitness Preparation of Athletes", (pp. 460-465). February 21-22, Zagreb: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb. In Croatian

Hammami, A., Randers, M. B., Kasmi, S., Razgallah, M., Tabka, Z., Chamari, K., et al. (2018). Effects of soccer training on health-related physical fitness measures in male adolescents. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 7(2), 169-175.

Han J.C., Lawlor D.A., & Kimm S.Y. (2010). Childhood obesity. Lancet, 375, 1737-1748.

Hardman, K. (2007). Current situation and prospects for physical education in the European Union - study. Brussels: The European Parliament's committee on Culture and Education.

Harvey, S., & Jarrett, K. (2014) A review of the game-centered approaches to teaching and coaching literature since 2006. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 19(3), 278-300.

Hills, A.P., Andersen, L.B., & Byrne, N.M. (2011). Physical activity and obesity in children. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 866-870.

Jurg, E.M., Kremers, P.J.S., Candel, J.J.M.M., van der Wall, F.M., & de Meij, S.B.J. (2006). A controlled trial of a school-based enviromental Intervention to improve physical activity in Dutch children: JUMP-in, kids in motion. Health Promotion International, 21(4), 320-330.

Keppel, G. (1991). Design and analysis: A researcher’s handbook (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River,NJ: Prentice Hall.

Kirk, D. (2006). The ‘obesity crisis’ and school physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 11(2), 121-133.

Koutedakis, Y., & Bouziotas, C. (2003). National physical education curriculum: motor and cardiovascular health related fitness in Greek adolescents. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 311-314.

Lazaar, N., Aucouturier, J., Ratel, S., Rance, M., Meyer, M., & Duché, P. (2007). Effect of physical activity intervention on body composition in young children: influence of body mass index status and gender. Acta Paediatrica, 96(9), 1321-1325.

Ljubojević, M., Višnjić, D., & Ilić, J. (2012). Praćenje efekata programa košarke kao izabrane sportske aktivnosti u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja na antropomorfološki status učenika (Monitoring the effects of the basketball program as a elective sport activity in physical education curriculum on the anthropomorphological status of students). Inovacije u nastavi - časopis za savremenu nastavu, 25(3), 48-55. In Serbian

Malina, R.M. (2004). Secular trends in growth, maturation and physical performance: a review. The Annual Review of Anthropology, 67, 3-31.

Marelić, N., Janković, V., Rešetar, T., & Marelić, S. (2000.) Učenje odbojke putem modificiranih igara (Teaching volleyball through modified games). In M. Andrijašević (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference “Leisure and Play” (pp. 130-133). Zagreb: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb. In Croatian

Milanović, Z., Pantelić, S., Kostić, R., Trajković, N., & Sporiš, G. (2015). Soccer vs. running training effects in young adult men: which programme is more effective in improvement of body composition? Randomized controlled trial. Biology of Sport, 32(4), 301-305.

Milenković, V. (2002). Efekti primene eksperimentalnog programa sa akcentom na sportsku gimnastiku na neke motoričke sposobnosti učenika sedmog razreda osnovne škole (Effects of applying an experimental program with an emphasis on gymnastics on some motor skills of seventh grade students). In R. Popović (Ed.) Proceedings of the Scientific Congres "FIS Communications in Physical Education, Sport and Recreation ", (pp. 291-300), Niš: Faculty of Physical Culture, University of Niš. In Serbian

Mirwald, R.L., Baxter-Jones, A.D., Bailey, D.A., & Beunen, G.P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(4), 689-694.

Nathan, B.M., & Moran, A. (2008). Metabolic complications of obesity in childhood and adolescence: More than just diabetes. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 15, 21-29.

Norton, К., Marfell-Jones, M., Whittingham, N., Кerr, D., Carter, L., Saddington, К., & Gore, C.J. (2000). Anthropometric assesment protocols. In C.J. Gore, (Ed.), Physiological tests for elite athletes, (pp. 66-85). Champaign, IL: Human kinetics.

Owen, A., Twist, C., & Ford, P. (2004). Small-sided Games: The physiological and technical effect of altering pitch size and player numbers. Insight – The Football Association Coaches Association Magazine, 7(2), 50-53.

Pate, R.R., Davis, G.M., Robinson, N.T., Stone, J.E., Mckenzie, L.T., & Young, S.J. (2006). Promoting physical activity in children and youth. Circulation, 114(11), 1214-1224.

Pate, R.R., Heath, G.W., Dowda, M., & Trost, S.G. (1996). Associations between physical activity and other health behaviors in a representative sample of US adolescents. American Journal of Public Health, 86(11), 1577-1581.

Pereira, P.F., Serrano, H.M.S., Carvalho, G.Q., Ribeiro, S.M.R., Peluzio, M.D.C.G., Franceschini, S.D.C.C., et al. (2015). Measurements of body fat distribution: Assessment of collinearity with body mass, adiposity and height in female adolescents. Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 33(1), 63-71.

Phillips, S.M., Bandini, L.G, Compton, D.V., Naumova, E.N., & Must, A. (2003). A longitudinal comparison of body composition by total body water and bioelectrical impedance in adolescent girls. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(5), 1419-1425.

Pinel, J.P. (2010). Biopsychology (8th Ed.) New Yersey: Prentice Hall.

Rech, C.R., Cordeiro, B.A., Petroski, E.L., & Vasconcelos, F.A. (2008). Validation of bioelectrical impedance for the prediction of fat-free mass in Brazilian elderly subjects. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, 52, 1163-1171.

Regaieg, S., Charfi, N., Kamoun, M., Ghroubi, S., Rebai, H., Elleuch, H., et al. (2013). The effects of an exercise training program on body composition and aerobic capacity parameters in Tunisian obese children. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(6), 1040-1045.

Rešetar, T., Đurković, T., Marelić, S., & Borovina, H. (2008). Razlike u strukturi igre odbojke 6: 6 i 3: 3 (Differences in volleyball game structure 6:6 and 3:3). In B. Neljak (Ed.), Proceedings of the Conference "State and perspective of development in the fields of education, sport, sports recreation and kinesitherapy ", (pp. 550-555). Zagreb: Croatian Kinesiology Association. In Croatian

Rey-López, J.P., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Biosca, M., & Moreno, L.A. (2008). Sedentary behaviour and obesity development in children and adolescents. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 18(3), 242-251.

Sallis, F.J., Mckenzie, L.T., Alcaraz, E.J., Kolody, V., Faucette, N., & Hovell, F.M. (1997). The effects of 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students: Sports, play and active recreation for kids. The American Journal of Public Health, 87(8), 1328-1334.

Schwandt, P., von Eckardstein, A., & Haas, G.M. (2012). Percentiles of percentage body fat in German children and adolescents: an international comparison. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(12), 846-852.

Siervogel, R.M., Demerath, E.W., Schubert, C., Remsberg, K.E., Chumlea, W.C., Sun, S., et al. (2003). Puberty and body composition. Hormone Research in Paediatrics, 60(Suppl. 1), 36-45.

Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia (2006). Pravilnik o nastavnom planu za drugi ciklus osnovnog obrazovanja i vaspitanja i nastavni program za peti razred osnovne škole (Rulebook on the syllabus for the second cycle of primary education and the curriculum for the fifth grade of primary school). Ministry of Education of the Republic of Serbia, № 6/07, 3/11, 1/13, 4/13, Belgrade. In Serbian

Snijder, M.B., Van Dam, R.M., Visser, M., & Seidell, J.C. (2005). What aspects of body fat are particularly hazardous and how do we measure them?. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(1), 83-92.

Stamatović, M., & Šekeljić, G. (2006). Uticaj različitih koncepcija nastave fizičkog vaspitanja na motorički status učenika mlađeg školskog uzrasta (The influence of different conceptions of physical education curriculum on the motor status of young students). In G. Bala (Ed.) Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference with International Participation Anthropological Status and Physical Activity of Children and Youth (pp. 301-310), Novi Sad: Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad. In Serbian

Stojanović, D., & Branković, N. (2018). Association between body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents. Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport, 16(2), 297-308.

Stojanović, D., Momčilović, Z., Stojanović, T., & Stojanović, T. (2019). The effects of skill-based exercises and small-sided games on the motor skills of elementary school students. Glasnik Antropološkog društva Srbije, 54(1-2), In press.

Stojanović, T. (1998). Uticaj nastavnih sadržaja iz košarke na psihosomatski status učenika u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja (The influence of basketball content on the psychosomatic status of students in physical education curriculum). Unpublished magister thesis. Skopje: Faculty of Physical Education of the SS. Cyril and Methodius University.

Stojanović, T., Bešić, Đ., Stojanović, D., Lilić, Lj., & Zadražnik, M. (2018). The effects of short-term preseason combined training on body composition in elite female volleyball players. Anthropological Notebooks, 24(1), 85-95.

Trajković, N. (2015). Uticaj situaciono kondicionog treninga na eksplozivnu snagu i preciznost kod odbojkaša (Effects of gаме based conditioning training on explosive strength and accuracy in volleyball players). Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Niš: Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš. In Serbian

Trost, S.G. (2006). Public health and physical education. In D. Kirk, D. MacDonald, & M. O’Sullivan (Eds.), The handbook of physical education (pp. 163-187). London: Sage.

Viru, A., Loko, J., Harro, M., Volver, A., Laaneots, L., & Viru, M. (1999). Critical periods in the development of performance capacity during childhood and adolescence. European Journal of Physical Education, 4(1), 75-119.

Weiner J., & Lourie J. (1969). Human Biology, a Guide to Field Methods, International Biological Programe. Oxford-Edinburgh: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

World Health Organization-WHO. (2016). Fiscal policies for diet and prevention of noncommunicable diseases: Technical meeting report (5-6 May 2015, Geneva, Switzerland). Geneva: WHO Document Production Services.

World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (2013). Ethical principles for medical research. Jama, 310(20), 2191-2194.

Zegnal-Koretić, M. (2017). Uticaj obima i sadržaja kretnih aktivnosti na radnu sposobnost i telesni sastav mlađih adolescenata koprivničko-križevačke županije (The impact of exercise, its range and quality on work capacities and body mass index of young adolescents from Koprivnica-Križevci county). Unpublished doctoral dissertaiton. Sremska Kamenica: Faculty of Sport and Tourism, Educons University. In Serbian




DOI: https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES191219001S

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN   1451-740X (Print)

ISSN   2406-0496 (Online)