OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF BYPASS DIODES IN PV MODULES FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT UNDER PARTIAL SHADING CONDITIONS
Abstract
This paper determines the optimal placement of bypass diodes in photovoltaic (PV) modules to increase their energy production in the case of partial shading while protecting each PV cell from overheating. Within the optimal placement, the optimal number and the optimal locations of bypass diodes are obtained using the metaheuristic optimization method of genetic algorithm (GA). The optimization method finds the optimal solution by maximizing the power of the maximum power point (MPP) on the power-voltage (P-V) characteristics generated from the created model of the PV module under partial shading. This model is created using the five-parameter single-diode PV cell model and allows the implementation of different shading patterns and different locations of bypass diodes in the PV modules. To simulate the effects of static and dynamic shading of the PV module surface, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and random shading patterns are used. The obtained results show that the optimal placement of bypass diodes in PV modules can significantly increase their energy production, especially for the cases with low solar irradiance of the shaded PV cells. This energy increment is between 30% and 80 % depending on the shading pattern, when the solar irradiance of the shaded PV cells is 70 % reduced compared to the unshaded cells.
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