DESIGN OF LOW POWER CURRENT STARVED RING OSCILLATORS USING MODIFIED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
Abstract
Ring oscillators (RO) are widely used for clock generation in RF applications. Design of RO is a very tedious process for RF IC designers using traditional methods like hand calculation or by simulator assistance. Traditional evolutionary optimization techniques, such as Particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be utilized for the design of the ROs. However, it shows limitations in convergence and stagnation. In this work to overcome these problems, PSO with Constriction Factor and Inertia Weight Approach (PSO-CFIWA) is applied to design a Current-starved Ring oscillator (CSRO). The optimum size of the CSRO transistors is obtained from PSO-CFIWA and designed in Cadence spectre using GPDK 90nm technology. The objective of the CSRO design is to have a 2 GHz oscillation frequency with optimized phase noise, power consumption, and figure of merit (FOM). The designed CSRO shows a 1.99963 GHz oscillation frequency, 348.48 µW power dissipation, –86.67 dBc/Hz phase noise, and FOM of – 157.25. The simulation results establish the effectiveness of PSO-CFIWA with its counterparts in RO design.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
J. T. Biondi, C. Ciccazzo, V. Cutello, S. D’Antona, G. Nicosia and S. Spinella, "Multi- Objective Evolutionary Algorithms and Pattern Search Methods for Circuit Design Problems", J. Universal Comput. Sci., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 432-449, 2006.
G. Nicosia, S. Rinaudo and E. Sciacca, "An Evolutionary Algorithm Based Approach to Robust Analog Circuit Design Using Constrained Multiobjective Optimization", Knowl.-Based Syst., vol. 21, pp.175-183, 2008.
P. K. Rout and D. P. Acharya, "Design of CMOS Ring Oscillator Using CMODE", In Proceedings of International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal, Bhubaneswar, India, 2011, pp. 1-6.
P. K. Rout, D. P. Acharya and G. Panda, "Constrained Multiobjective Optimization Based Design of CMOS Ring Oscillator", In Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics, Coimbatore, India, 2014, pp. 1-5.
F. Keivanian, "Minimization of Average Power Consumption in 3 Stage CMOS Ring Oscillator Based on MSFLA, Fuzzy-MSFLA, GA, and Fuzzy-GA", Int. J. Comput. Appl., vol. 104, no. 16, pp. 30-37, 2014.
P. K. Rout and D. P. Acharya, "Fast Physical Design of CMOS ROs for Optimal Performance Using Constrained NSGA-II", AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun., vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 1233-1242, 2015.
A Mohammadi, M. Mohammadi and S. H. Zahiri, "Design of Optimal CMOS Ring Oscillator Using an Intelligent Optimization Tool", Soft Comput., vol. 22, pp. 8151-8166, 2018.
N. Gargouri, D. Ben Issa, Z. Sakka, A. Kachouri and M. Samet, "Design and Optimization of Differential Ring Oscillator for IR-UWB Applications in 0.18 μm CMOS Technology", J. Circuits, Syst. Comput., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1-15, 2017.
P. K. Rout, D. P. Acharya and G. Panda, "A Multiobjective Optimization Based Fast and Robust Design Methodology for Low Power and Low Phase Noise Current Starved VCO", IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 43-50, Feb. 2014.
M. Ghasemi, A. Mahanipour and M. Saneei, "Fast Optimization for VCOs Using GSA Algorithm," In Proceedings of Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Mashhad, Iran, 2018, pp. 315-319.
S. K. Dash, B. P. De, P. K. Samanta, B. Appasani, R. Kar, D. Mandal and N. Bizon, "Optimal Design of Voltage Reference Circuit and Ring Oscillator Circuit Using Multiobjective Differential Evolution Algorithm", J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 2023, p. 7621594, pp. 1-11. 2023.
S. K. Dash, B. P. De, R. Das, P. K. Samanta, W. Bhowmik, R. Kar, D. Mandal and A Bakshi, "Optimal Design of Current Starved Oscillator using MOPSO", In Proceedings of International Conference on Communication, Circuits, and Systems (IC3S), Bhubaneswar, India, 2023, pp. 1-4.
R. Das, B. P. De, S. K. Dash, P. K. Samanta, W. Bhowmik, R. Kar and D. Mandal, "Multi-objective Optimization for Optimal Design of CMOS Ring Oscillator", In Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Ubiquitous Communication, and Computational Intelligence (RAEEUCCI), Chennai, India, 2023, pp. 1-4.
S. Ghosh, B. P. De, R. Kar, D. Mandal and A. K. Mal, "Optimal Design of a 5.5-GHz Low-Power High-Gain CMOS LNA Using the Flower Pollination Algorithm", J. Comput. Electron., vol. 18, pp. 737-747, 2019.
S. Ghosh, B. P. De, K. B. Maji, R. Kar, D. Mandal and A. K. Mal, "Optimal Design of Ultra-Low-Power 2.4 GHz LNA for IEEE 802.15.4/Bluetooth Applications", J. Circuits Syst. Comput., vol. 29, no. 16, pp. 1-19, 2020.
A. Raj, S. Majumder and G. P. Mishra, "Design of a CMOS Based Ring VCO Using Particle Swarm Optimisation", Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process., vol. 119, pp. 309-317, 2023.
P. R. Castañeda-Aviña, E. Tlelo-Cuautle, L.-G. de la Fraga, "Phase Noise Optimization of Integrated Ring Voltage-Controlled Oscillators by Metaheuristics", AIMS Mathematics, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 14826-14839, 2022.
P. K. Rout, D. P. Acharya, G. Panda and D. Nayak, "Process Corner Variation Aware Design of Low Power Current Starved VCO Power", In Proceedings of International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS), Coimbatore, India, 2014, pp. 1-4.
V. G. Nasre and G. M. Asutkar, "Design of Current Starved Voltage Control Oscillator with Bandgap Reference in 0.18μm CMOS Process", In Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Innovations in Signal Processing and Embedded Systems (RISE), Bhopal, India, 2017, pp. 375-380.
U. Nanda, D. Nayak, S. K. Pattnaik, S. K. Swain, S. M. Biswal, B. Biswal, "Design and Performance Analysis of Current Starved Voltage Controlled Oscillator", in Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 521, 2019, Springer, Singapore.
J. K. Panigrahi, D. P. Acharya and U. Nanda, "Performance Analysis of Dual Threshold CMOS based Current Starved Voltage Controlled Oscillator - A Review," In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP), Vijayawada, India, 2022, pp. 1-4.
R. Das, et al., " Multi-Objective Optimization for Optimal Design of CMOS Ring Oscillator", In Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Ubiquitous Communication, and Computational Intelligence (RAEEUCCI), 2023, pp. 1-4.
A. Raj, S. Majumder and G. P. Mishra, " Design of a CMOS Based Ring VCO Using Particle Swarm Optimisation", Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process., vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 309-317, 2024.
P. R. Castañeda-Aviña, E. Tlelo-Cuautle and L. G. de la Fraga, "Phase Noise Optimization of Integrated Ring Voltage-Controlled Oscillators by Metaheuristics", AIMS Mathematics, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 14826-14839, 2022.
D. Chowdhury, B. P. De, S. Ghosh, N. K. Singh, R. Kar and D Mandal, "Optimization of Subthreshold Parameters of Graded-Channel Gate-Stack Double-Gate (GC-GS-DG) MOSFET Using PSO-CFIWA", in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 904, Springer, 2023.
J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, "Particle Swarm Optimization", In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Network, 1995, vol. 4, pp. 1942-1948.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0353-3670 (Print)
ISSN: 2217-5997 (Online)
COBISS.SR-ID 12826626