ANTHROPOLOGICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND CARDIO-PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE BOYS AND GIRLS

Jasmina Pluncević Gligoroska, Maja Jordanova, Sanja Mančevska, Elisaveta Tomova

DOI Number
https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES200721039P
First page
417
Last page
429

Abstract


Physical activity (PA) is stimulatory physiologic stress for the human body and regular PA induces significant changes in many physiological, biochemical and anthropological parameters. The aim of this study is to determine the values and the differences among the cardio-physiological, hematological and anthropological parameters for different age and gender subgroups in healthy physically active children and an adolescent population. An anthropometric evaluation (Matiegka protocol), hematological analysis i.e., red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin level, hematocrit, and ergometrical testing (Brus protocol) were made. Regarding mass and height until the age of 12 (U12), girls were heavier and taller than boys. The mean values for relative muscle mass in all the groups of boys and girls of different ages are in the optimal range (>50%) and indicate well developed muscle mass. There are no differences between the same age subgroups for this anthropometric parameter between the boys and girls. All the subgroups of girls of different ages showed higher body fat percent than their male siblings. Among the girls, RBC variables did not show a difference in the age subgroups. Regarding gender, all RBC variables were significantly higher among the male groups, except the U12. Cardio-physiological parameters of heart frequency at rest, exercise time duration and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), were significantly higher among the boys. In all age-based male subgroups VO2max was higher among the older boys. Conclusion: This study has shown age related changes in anthropological, hematological and ergometrical parameters in a male and female young active population. The girls showed significantly lower levels of cardio-physiological fitness which can be contributed either to gender and lower volume of PA.


Keywords

Body Composition, Red Blood Cell, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Adolescents

Full Text:

PDF

References


American College of Sports Medicine. (2000). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 6th ed., Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Anđelković, M., Baralić, I., Đorđević, B., Stevuljević, Radivojević, N., Dikić, N., et al. (2014). Hematological and biochemical parameters in elite soccer players during competitive half season. Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 34(4), 460-466.

Catrryse, E., Zinzen, E., Caboor, D., Duquet, P., van Roy, P., & Claryss, J.P. (2002). Anthropometric fractionation of body mass: Matiegka revisited. Journal of Sport Sciences, 20(9), 717-723.

Cvejić, D., Pejović, D., & Ostojić, S. (2013). Assessment of physical fitness in children and adolescents. Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport, 11(2), 135-145.

da Cunha, F.A., Farinatti, P., de T., & Midgley, A.W. (2011). Methodological and practical application issues in exercise prescription using the heart rate reserve and oxygen uptake reserve methods. Journal of Sciences Medicine Sport, 14(1), 46-57.

Demerath, E.W., Schubert, C.M., Maynard, L.M., Sun, S.S., Chumlea, W.C., Pickoff, A., et al. (2006). Do changes in body mass index percentile reflect changes in body composition in children? Data from the Fels Longitudinal Study. Pediatrics. 117(3), e487-495.

Ellis, K.J., Shypailo, R.J., Abrams, S.A., & Wong, W.W. (2000). The reference child and adolescent models of body composition. A contemporary comparison. Annual of NY Academy of Sciences, 904(1), 374-382.

Flegal, K.M., Ogden, C.L., Yanovski, J.A., Freedman, D.S., Shepherd, J.A., Graubard, B.I., et al. (2010). High adiposity and high body mass index for-age in US children and adolescents overall and by race-ethnic group. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(4), 1020-1026.

Hero, M., Wickman, S., Hanhijarvi, R., Siimes, M.A., & Dunkel, L. (2005). Pubertal upregulation of erythropoesis in boys is determined primarily by androgen. Journal of Pediatry, 146(2), 245-252.

Krebs, N.F., Himes, J.H., Jacobson, D., Nicklas, T.A., Guilday, P., & Styne, D. (2007). Assessment of child and adolescent overmass and obesity. Pediatrics, 120(4), S193–228.

Kurtoglu, S., Mazicioglu, M.M., Ozturk, A., Hatipoglu, N., Cicek, B., & Ustunbas, H.B. (2010). Body fat reference curves for healthy Turkish children and adolescents. European Journal of Pediatry, 169(11), 1329-1335.

Kyle, U.G., Earthman, C.P., Pichard, C., & Coss-Bu, J.A. (2015). Body composition during growth in children: limitations and perspectives of bioelectrical impedance analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(12), 1298-305.

Laurson, K.R., Eisenmann, J.C., & Welk, G.J. (2011). Body fat percentile curves for US children and adolescents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(4S2), S87-S92.

Lloyd, T., Chinchilli, V.M., Eggli, D.F., Rollings, N., & Kulin, H.E. (1998). Body composition development of adolescent white females. The Penn state young women’s health study. Archive of Pediatric Adolescente Medicine, 152(10), 998‑1002.

Mairbaurl, H. (2013). Red blood cells in sports: Effects of exercise and training on oxygen supply by red blood cells. Frontiers in Physiology, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00332.

Mandala, W.L., Gondwe, E.N., Mac Lennan, J.M., Molyneux, M.E., & Mac Lennan, C.A. (2017). Age and sex related in hematological parameters in healthy Malawians. Journal of Blood Medicine, 8, 123-130.

Maynard, L.M., Wisemandle, W., Roche, A.F., Chumlea, W.C., Guo, S.S., & Siervogel, R.M. (2001). Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index. Pediatrics, 107(2), 344-350.

Menard, D., Mandeng, M.J., Tothy, M.B., Kelembho, E.K., Gresenguet, G., & Talarmin, A. (2003). Immunohematological reference ranges for adults from the Central African Republic. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 10(3), 443-445.

Murphy, W.G. (2014). The sex difference in haemoglobin levels in adults-Mechanisms, causes, and consequences. Blood Revue, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bire.2103.12.003.

Öner, N., Vatansever, U., Sari, A., Ekukhi, G., Giizel, A., Karasalihoglei, S., et al., (2004). Prevalence of undermass, overmass and obesity in Turkish adolescents. Swiss Medical Weekly, 134, 529‑533

Onwurah, O., Onyenekwe, C.C., Ifeanyichukwu, M., Ezeufwunne, I.P., Odiegwu, C.N.C., & Igweze, Z.G. (2018). Haematological values for children, adults and geriatrics in Nnewiand Environs, Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal of Hematological and Thrombosis Disorders, 6(1), 286-291.

Plachta-Danielzik, S., Gehreke, M.I., Kehden, B., Kromeyer-Hauschild, S., Grillenberg, M., Willhoft, C., et al. (2015). Body fat percentile for German Children and adolescents. Obesity Facts, 5(1), 77-90.

Pluncević Gligoroska, J., Gontarev, S., Dejanova, B., Todorovska, L., Shukova, D., & Manchevska, S. (2019). Red blood cell variables in children and adolescents regarding the age and sex. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 48(4), 704-712.

Price, E.A. (2008). Aging and erythropoiesis: Current state of knowledge. Blood cells, Molecules and Diseases, 41(2), 158-165.

Rajkumari, B., Akoijam, B.S., Akoijam, J.S., & Longjam, U. (2012). Assessment of body composition and body mass index in adolescent school children in Imphal-West district, Manipur. Journal of Medical Society, 26(3), 184-188.

Saghiv, M.S., Sherve, C., Sira, D.B., Saghiv, M., & Goldhammer, E. (2017). Are there differences between adolescent males and females for maintaining the metabolic cost at maximal oxygen uptake? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, 8, 519-523.

Taylor, M.R., Holland, C.V., Spencer, R., Jackson, J.F., O’Connor, G.I., & O’Donnell, J.R. (1997). Haematological reference ranges for school children. Clinical Laboratory Haematology, 19, 1-15.

Vinet, A., Mandigou,t S., Nottin, S., Nguyen, LD., Lecoq, A.M., Courteix, D., et al,.(2003). Influence of body composition hemoglobin concentration, and cardiac function of gender differences in maximal oxygen uptake in prepubertal children. Chest, 124(4), 1494-1499.

Weber, D.R., Moore, R.H., Leonard, M.B., & Zemel, B.S. (2013). Fat and lean BMI reference curves in children and adolescents and their utility in identifying excess adiposity compared with BMI and percentage body fat. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 98(1), 49-56.

Wells, J.C. (2000). A Hattori chart analysis of body mass index in infants and children. International Journal of Obesity Related Metabolic Disorders, 24(3),325-329.

Wells, J.C. (2001). A critique of the expression of pediatric body composition data. Archive of Diseases Child, 85(1), 67-72.

Willows, N.D., Grimston, S.K., Smith, D.J., & Hanley, D.A. (1995). Iron and haematological status among adolescent athletes tracked through puberty. Pediatric Exercise Science, 7(3), 253-262.

Yandamuri, A., & Yandamuri, N. (2013). Survey on haemoglobin level in the different age groups of male and female human beings living in the rural and urban area. International Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 5(2), 2086-2089.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES200721039P

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN   1451-740X (Print)

ISSN   2406-0496 (Online)