RECONNAISSANCE DRONE NOISE REVIEW
Abstract
The paper analyzes the sound of drones, both as environmental noise and as a parameter for their detection. The reasons for the psychoacoustic character of the noise and the conditions for effective acoustic detection are examined. Comparative results of sound measurements are provided for three types of reconnaissance drones individually, while hovering at different altitudes.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
ISO 5305:2024, Noise measurements for UAS (unmanned aircraft systems).
Schaffer B., Pieren R., Heutschi K., Wunderli J., Becker S., Drone noise emission characteristics and noise effects on humans—A systematic review," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 1-27, 2021.
Torija A., Clark C., A psychoacoustic approach to building knowledge about human response to noise of unmanned aerial vehicles," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 682, 2021.
EU, 2019/945, Commission delegated regulation on unmanned aircraft systems and on third-country operators of unmanned aircraft systems.
ISO 3744, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
EU, 2020/1058, Commission delegated regulation on amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 as regards the introduction of two new unmanned aircraft systems classes.
European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Guidelines on noise measurement of unmanned aircraft systems lighter than 600 kg operating in the specific category (low and medium risk).
Landstrom U., Akerlund E., Kjellberg A., Tesarz M., Exposure levels, tonal components, and noise annoyance in working environment," Environment International, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 265-275, 1995.
Burkard R., Hecox K., The effect of broadband noise on the human brainstem auditory evoked respose. I. Rate and intensity effects," The Acoustical Society of America, vol. 74, pp. 1204-1213, 1983.
ISO 21895, Categorization and classification of civil unmanned aircraft systems
ISO 3745:2012, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Precision methods for anechoic rooms and hemi-anechoic rooms.
ISO/TR 25417, Acoustics — Definitions of basic quantities and terms.
Betz A., The ground effect on lifting propellers," NACA Technical Memorandum No. 836, 1937.
Anderson M., Stephenson J., Zawodny N., Gee K., Characterizing the effects of two ground-based outdoor microphone configurations," Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, vol. 39, p. 055011, 2021.
ISO 1996-2, Acoustics — Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise — Part 2: Determination of sound pressure levels.
ISO 9613-2, Acoustics — Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors — Part 2: General method of calculation.
AnnexICAO, 16 Volume 1, Aircraft noise.
Stephenson J. H., Weitsman D., Zawodny N. S., Effects of flow recirculation on unmanned aircraft system (UAS) acoustic measurements in closed anechoic chambers," The Journal of Acoustical Society of America, pp. 1153-1155, 2019.
Welch P. D., The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: a method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms," IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 70-73, 1967.
Ma Z., Wu H., Jiang H., Zhong S., Zhang X., Acoustic measurement of multi-rotor drones in anechoic and hemi-anechoic chambers," in Quiet Drones Second International e-Symposium on UAV/UAS noise, Paris, 2022.
Uredba o indikatorima buke, graničnim vrednostima, metodama za ocenjivanje indikatora buke, uynemiravanja i štetnih efekata buke u životnoj sredini, „Sl. glasnik RS” 75/2010.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22190/FUWLEP241021032J
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN 0354-804X (Print)
ISSN 2406-0534 (Online)