THE EFFECTS OF PILATES WITH A SWISS BALL PROGRAM ON FLEXIBILITY IN FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS
Abstract
Flexibility is a basic motor ability that significantly improves overall motor efficiency and reduces the possibility of muscle and joint injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Pilates exercise with a Swiss ball on flexibility development among female students. The sample of 45 participants, aged 19 to 22 years, was divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group took part in a 12-week Pilates exercise with a Swiss ball, with a frequency of three training sessions with one hour of exercise per week. The control group was not involved in the training process. For flexibility assessment, four tests were applied (Sit and Reach, Straddle in Supine Position, Leg Lift from Supine Position and Backward Leg Lift from a Prone Position). The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Univariate results showed significant differences in all flexibility variables. The authors conclude that the Pilates program with a ball has significantly improved the flexibility of the female students.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alter, M.J. (1996). Science of flexibility. Champaing, IL: Human Kinetics.
Carter, J.M., Beam, W.C., McMahan, S.G., Barr, M.L., & Brown, L.E. (2006). The effects of stability ball training on spinal stability in sedentary individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(2), 429-435.
Cosio-Lima, L.M., Reynolds, K.L., Winter, C., Paolone,V., & Jones, M.T. (2003). Effects of physioball and conventional floor exercises on early phase adaptations in back and abdominal core stability and balance in women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(4), 721-725.
de Araújo, M.E.A., da Silva, E.B., Bragade Mello, D.B., Cader, S.A., Salgado, A.S.I., & Dantas, E.H.M. (2012). The effectiveness of the Pilates method: reducing the degree of non-structural scoliosis, and improving flexibility and pain in female college students. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 16(2), 191-198.
de Oliveira, L.C., de Oliveira, R.G. & de Almeida Pires-Oliveira, D.A. (2016). Comparison between static stretching and the Pilates method on the flexibility of older women. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 20(4), 800-806.
Dopsaj, M. (1994). Extent of flexibility among athletes in different sports games: Soccer, volleyball, basketball and handball. Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport, 1(1), 51-60.
Halbertsma, J.P., Van Bulhuis, A.I., & Goeken, L.N. (1996). Sport stretching: Effect on passive muscle stiffness of short hamstrings. The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 77(7), 688-692.
Hou, C.R., Tsai, L.C., Cheng, K.F., Chung, K.C., & Hong, C.Z. (2002). Immediate effects of various therapeutic modalities on cervical myofascial pain and trigger-point sensitivity. The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83(10), 1406-1414.
Kao, Y.H., Liou, T.H., Huang, Y.C., Tsai, Y.W., & Wang, K.M. (2015). Effects of a 12-week Pilates course on lower limb muscle strength and trunk flexibility in women living in the community. Health Care for Women International, 36(3), 303-319.
Kibar, S., Yardimci, F.Ö., Evcik, D., Ay, S., Alhan, A., Manço, M., et al. (2016). Can a pilates exercise program be effective on balance, flexibility and muscle endurance? A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 56(10), 1139-1146.
Kloubec, J.A. (2010). Pilates for improvement of muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and posture. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(3), 661-667.
Kyrolainen, H., Santtila, M., Nindl, B.C., & Vasankari, T. (2010). Physical fitness profiles of young men: associations between physical fitness, obesity and health. Sports Medicine, 40(11), 907-920.
Magnusson, S.P. (1998.). Passive properties of human skeletal muscle during stretch maneuvers. The Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 8(2), 65-77.
Martin, P.E., & Morgan, D.W. (1992.). Biomechanical considerations for economical walking and running. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 24(4), 467-474.
Merni, F., Balboni, M., Bargellini, S., Menegatti, G. (1981). Differences in mails and femails in joint movement range during growth. Medicine and Sport, 15, 168-175.
National Academy of Sports Medicine-NASM. (2012). NASM essentials of personal fitness training. UK: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
O'Sullivan, K., Murray, E., & Sainsbury, D. (2009.). The effect of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in previously injured subjects. BMC Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Treatment, 10(1), 1-9.
Phrompaet, S., Paungmali, A., Pirunsan, U., & Sitilertpisan, P. (2011). Effects of pilates training on lumbo-pelvic stability and flexibility. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2(1), 16-22.
Reid, D.A., & McNair, P.J. (2004). Passive force, angle, and stiffness changes after stretching of hamstring muscles. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(11), 1944-1948.
Sekendiz, B., Altun, O., Korkusuz, F., & Akin, A. (2007). Effects of Pilates exercise on trunk strength, endurance and flexibility in sedentary adult females. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 11(4), 318-326.
Sekendiz, B., Cug, M., & Korkusuz, F. (2010). Effects of Swiss-ball core strength training on strength, endurance, flexibility and balance in sedentary women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(11),3032-3040.
Smith, M., Mitcheltree, T., Kieffer, S., & Miller, D. (2018) Six-week pilates program improved postural stability, balance, and isometric back strength in college-aged athletes. International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings, 9(6), 119.
Sporiš, G., Vučetić, V., Jovanović, M., Jukić, I., & Omrcen, D. (2011). Reliability and factorial validity of flexibility tests for team sports. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(4), 1168-1176.
Weiner J., & Lourie J. (1969). Human biology, a guide to field methods, international biological programe. Oxford-Edinburgh: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Wilson, G.J., Elliott, B.C., & Wood, G.A. (1992). Stretch shorten cycle performance enhancement through flexibility training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 24(1), 116-123.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES200611041R
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN 1451-740X (Print)
ISSN 2406-0496 (Online)